Investigation of Gel Electrophoresis Stains

Abstract

Gel electrophoresis is essential in molecular biology and biochemistry for separating and analyzing DNA, RNA, and proteins. UV sensitivity and compatibility have led to the use of ethidium bromide stains. Mutagenic and toxic, ethidium bromide poses health and environmental risks, requiring strict handling and disposal procedures. This has led to safer, more eco-friendly staining options like SYBR Safe and patented plant-based dyes with reduced toxicity and improved sensitivity. Modern dyes meet rigorous laboratory safety standards and are compatible with safer visualization methods like blue light, improving user safety. We compare the efficacy, cost, and environmental impact of commercial electrophoresis stains in this review. These comparisons suggest using SYBR-safe or plant-based dyes, which stain well in safer lab conditions. These alternatives improve electrophoresis sustainability and safety without compromising analytical quality.