Detection of Salivary Biomarkers Osteocalcin and Osteonectin of Bone Turnover among smokers Periodontitis Patients in Erbil City-Iraq

Abstract

This study aims to compare the periodontal health conditions between study and control groups, regarding clinical periodontal parameters (attachment loss, probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing, and plaque index), and also compare salivary biomarkers (Osteocalcin and Osteonectin) and their relationship. Eighty nine subjects participated in this study; they were distributed into three groups, sixty of them selected from patients seeking periodontal treatment, and their ages ranged between (20 and 50). The healthy group included (29) subjects of analogous ages to the study groups, with a clinically healthy periodontium state. The study groups consisted of (60) patients distributed equally to two groups (30) nonsmokers and (30) smokers with clinical signs of periodontitis. Our outcomes revealed a significant p. value ≤ 0.001 increase in parameters of periodontal in periodontitis group compared to the heathy group. There were no significant differences for all parameters between periodontitis groups, except bleeding on probing. While results of Osteonectin showed highly significant difference P. value ≤ 0.001 between the control and the smokers groups and similar results between the study groups. There was no significant difference between the control and nonsmoker groups. Statistical analysis indicated no significant association between periodontal parameters and salivary biomarkers. However, in the Osteocalcin group; the control group had a significantly different plaque index. Similarly in the osteonectin, the control group showed significant differences in bleeding on probing. The study concluded that smoking is a contributing factor that initiates bone recession. Osteocalcin and Osteonectin are potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prognosis of periodontal disease.