Using Zero-Watermarking Algorithm to Protect Arabic Text Documents

Abstract

In today's digital age where powerful communication media such as the Internet allow for efficient information exchange, copyright protection and authentication of digital content has become an important issue.  Plain text is the most widely used means of exchanging information online, and it is important to verify the authenticity of the text.  Very limited techniques are available for watermarking and authentication of Arabic text.  This paper aims to develop a zero-watermark algorithm to protect the Arabic digital content from being tampering. 

The algorithm creates an accurate zero watermark based on the characteristics of the content of the Arabic text itself. The watermark is determined by the frequency of appearance of prepositions and their specific locations (في، عن، من، على) in the text. The extraction algorithm used for extracting zero watermark and compared with the created one to prove the authenticity of the Arabic text.  This method ensures that any change to the text will lead to a change in the extracted zero watermark, which will facilitate the detection process upon verification.  Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm in discovering text tampering (addition, deletion, and rephrasing), tested on nine different text samples with various lengths and attacks, the proposed approach is robust in detecting modifications to the text, even if they are minor, compared to the existing approach.